Ukusetshenziswa nokugcinwa kwama-microscopes okuhlinzwa

 

Ngokuqhubeka nokuthuthuka kwesayensi, ukuhlinzwa sekungene enkathini ye-microsurgery. Ukusetshenziswa kwei-microscopes yokuhlinzwaakugcini nje ngokuvumela odokotela ukuthi babone isakhiwo esihle sendawo yokuhlinza ngokucacile, kodwa futhi kuvumela ukuhlinzwa okuncane okuhlukahlukene okungeke kwenziwe ngeso lenyama, kwandise kakhulu ububanzi bokwelashwa kokuhlinzwa, ukuthuthukisa ukunemba kokuhlinzwa kanye namazinga okwelapha isiguli. Okwamanje,Ama-microscopes asebenzayosebeyithuluzi lezokwelapha elivamile. OkuvamileIsibonakhulu segumbi lokuhlinzelahlanganisaizibonakhulu zokuhlinzwa ngomlomo, ama-microscopes wokuhlinzwa wamazinyo, ama-microscopes wokuhlinzwa wamathambo, i-ophthalmic surgical microscopes, i-microscopes yokuhlinzwa ye-urological, i-otolaryngological microscopes yokuhlinzwa, futhii-neurosurgical microscopes yokuhlinzwa, phakathi kwabanye. Kukhona umehluko omncane kubakhiqizi kanye nokucaciswa kwei-microscopes yokuhlinzwa, kodwa ngokuvamile ayaguquguquka ngokuya ngokusebenza kokusebenza kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenzayo.

1 Isakhiwo esiyisisekelo se-microscope yokuhlinzwa

Ukuhlinzwa ngokuvamile kusebenzisa aIsibonakhulu sokuhlinzwa esiqondile(indawo yokuma phansi), ebonakala ngokubeka kwayo okuguquguqukayo nokufakwa kalula.Isibonakhulu Sokuhlinzwa Kwezokwelaphangokuvamile zingahlukaniswa zibe izingxenye ezine eziyinhloko: uhlelo lwemishini, uhlelo lokubuka, uhlelo lokukhanyisa, kanye nohlelo lokubonisa.

1.1 Isistimu yeMechanical:Ikhwalithi ephezuluAma-microscopes asebenzayongokuvamile ahlome ngezinhlelo zemishini eziyinkimbinkimbi ukuze alungise futhi alawule, aqinisekise ukuthi izinhlelo zokubuka nokukhanyisa zingahanjiswa ngokushesha nangokuvumelana nezimo ezimweni ezidingekayo. Uhlelo lwemishini luhlanganisa: isisekelo, isondo lokuhamba, ibhuleki, ikholomu eyinhloko, ingalo ezungezayo, ingalo ephambanayo, ingalo ekhwezwayo ngesibonakhulu, isihambisi se-XY esivundlile, kanye nebhodi lokulawula izinyawo. Ingalo evundlile ngokuvamile yakhelwe ngamaqembu amabili, ngenhloso yokwenza ukuthi i-i-observation microscopeukuhamba ngokushesha endaweni yokuhlinzwa ngaphakathi kwebanga elibanzi kakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka. Isihambisi se-XY esivundlile singabeka ngokunembile i-ngesibonakhuluendaweni oyifunayo. Ibhodi lokulawula izinyawo ezinyakazayo lilawula isibonakhulu ukuze siye phezulu, phansi, kwesokunxele, kwesokudla, nokugxila, futhi lingaphinda liguqule izinga lokukhuliswa kanye nokunciphisa isibonakhulu. Uhlelo lwemishini luhlaka lwamathambo aIsibonakhulu sokusebenza kwezokwelapha, enquma uhla lwayo lokunyakaza. Uma usebenzisa, qinisekisa ukuzinza okuphelele kwesistimu.

1.2 Uhlelo Lokubheka:Uhlelo lokubuka ku aisibonakhulu sokuhlinzwa jikeleleempeleni kuwukuguquguqukaisibonakhulu se-binocular stereo. Uhlelo lokubuka luhlanganisa: ilensi ewumgomo, isistimu yokusondeza, i-beam splitter, ilensi yenhloso yohlelo, i-prism ekhethekile, ne-eyepiece. Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, abasizi ngokuvamile kudingeka babambisane, ngakho-ke uhlelo lokubuka luvame ukuklanywa ngendlela ye-binocular system kubantu ababili.

1.3 Uhlelo Lokukhanyisa: Isibonakhuluukukhanyisa kungahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili: ukukhanyisa kwangaphakathi nokukhanyisa kwangaphandle. Umsebenzi wawo owezidingo ezithile ezikhethekile, njengokukhanyisa isibani se-ophthalmic slit. Isistimu yokukhanyisa iqukethe izibani eziyinhloko, izibani ezisizayo, izintambo ezibonakalayo, njll. Umthombo wokukhanya ukhanyisa into kusukela ohlangothini noma phezulu, futhi isithombe sikhiqizwa ukukhanya okubonisiwe kungena kulensi yomgomo.

1.4 Uhlelo lokubonisa:Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe bedijithali, ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kweama-microscopes asebenzayoliya liceba. Iisibonakhulu sezokwelapha sokuhlinzwaifakwe isibonisi sekhamera yethelevishini kanye nesistimu yokuqopha yokuhlinzwa. Ingabonisa isimo sokuhlinzwa ngokuqondile ku-TV noma isikrini sekhompuyutha, ivumele abantu abaningi ukuthi babheke isimo sokuhlinzwa ngesikhathi esisodwa kumonitha. Ifanele ukufundisa, ucwaningo lwesayensi, nokubonisana nomtholampilo.

2 Izinyathelo zokuphepha zokusetshenziswa

2.1 Isibonakhulu sokuhlinzwaiyinsimbi yokubona enenqubo yokukhiqiza eyinkimbinkimbi, ukunemba okuphezulu, intengo ebizayo, entekenteke futhi okunzima ukuyibuyisela. Ukusetshenziswa okungalungile kungabangela ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kalula. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa, umuntu kufanele aqonde kuqala isakhiwo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-Isibonakhulu sezokwelapha. Ungaphendukisi izikulufu namafindo kusibonakhulu ngokuzenzakalelayo, noma ubangele umonakalo omkhulu kakhulu; Ithuluzi alikwazi ukuhlakazwa ngokuthanda kwakhe, njengoba ama-microscopes adinga ukunemba okuphezulu ezinqubweni zokuhlanganisa; Phakathi nenqubo yokufaka, ukulungisa amaphutha okuqinile nokuyinkimbinkimbi kuyadingeka, futhi kunzima ukubuyisela uma kuhlakazwa ngokungahleliwe.

2.2Naka ukugcinaIsibonakhulu sokuhlinzwazihlanzekile, ikakhulukazi izingxenye zengilazi entweni, njengelensi. Lapho uketshezi, amafutha, namabala egazi engcolisa ilensi, khumbula ukuthi ungasebenzisi izandla, izindwangu, noma iphepha ukuze usule ilensi. Ngoba izandla, izindwangu, namaphepha ngokuvamile kunamatshe amancane angashiya izimpawu esibukweni. Uma kunothuli endaweni yesibuko, i-ejenti yokuhlanza echwepheshile (utshwala obungenamanzi) ingasetshenziswa ukuyisula ngekotini encibilikayo. Uma ukungcola kunzima futhi kungenakusulwa, ungakusuli ngenkani. Sicela ufune usizo lochwepheshe ukuze uyisingathe.

2.3Uhlelo lokukhanyisa ngokuvamile luqukethe izinto ezithambile kakhulu ezingabonakali kalula ngeso lenyama, futhi iminwe noma ezinye izinto akufanele zifakwe ohlelweni lokukhanyisa. Ukulimala ngokunganaki kuzoholela ekulimaleni okungenakulungiseka.

3 Ukugcinwa kwama-microscopes

3.1Ubude besikhathi se-bulb yokukhanyisaIsibonakhulu sokuhlinzwaziyahlukahluka kuye ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Uma isibani sokukhanya sonakalisiwe futhi sishintshwa, qiniseka ukuthi usetha kabusha isistimu ibe yiqanda ukuze ugweme ukulahlekelwa okungadingekile emshinini. Ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho amandla avuliwe noma avaliwe, iswishi yesistimu yokukhanyisa kufanele ivalwe noma ukukhanya kulungiswe kuze kube kobuncane ukuze kugwenywe umthelela we-voltage ophezulu olimaza umthombo wokukhanya.

3.2Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokukhetha indawo yokuhlinza, usayizi wokubuka, kanye nokucaca phakathi nenqubo yokuhlinzwa, odokotela bangalungisa indawo yokuvula indawo, ubude bendawo, ubude, njll. ngebhodi lokulawula izinyawo. Lapho ulungisa, kuyadingeka ukuhamba kancane futhi kancane. Lapho ufinyelela isikhundla somkhawulo, kuyadingeka ukuyeka ngokushesha, njengoba ukweqa umkhawulo wesikhathi kungalimaza imoto futhi kubangele ukwehluleka ukulungisa.

3.3 Ngemuva kokusebenzisa i-ngesibonakhuluisikhathi esithile, ukukhiya okuhlangene kungase kufe kakhulu noma kukhululeke kakhulu. Ngalesi sikhathi, kudingekile kuphela ukubuyisela ukukhiya okuhlangene esimweni saso esivamile sokusebenza ngokuvumelana nesimo. Ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa ngakunye kwe-Isibonakhulu sokusebenza kwezokwelapha, kuyadingeka ukuhlola njalo noma yikuphi ukuxega emalungeni ukuze ugweme izinkinga ezingadingekile ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa.

3.4Ngemuva kokusetshenziswa ngakunye, sebenzisa isicoci sokuhlanza ukotini ukuze usule ukungcolaukusebenza ngesibonakhulu sezokwelapha, kungenjalo kuyoba nzima ukuyisula ihlanzekile isikhathi eside kakhulu. Imboze ngekhava yesibonakhulu bese uyigcina endaweni engenawo umoya, eyomile, engenalo uthuli, negesi engagqwali.

3.5Sungula uhlelo lokulungisa, olunabasebenzi abangochwepheshe abahlola njalo ukulungisa nokulungisa, ukunakekelwa okudingekayo kanye nokulungiswa kwezinhlelo zemishini, amasistimu okubuka, amasistimu okukhanyisa, amasistimu wokubonisa, nezingxenye zesekethe. Ngamafuphi, kufanele kuqashelwe uma usebenzisa i-angesibonakhulukanye nokuphatha kabi kufanele kugwenywe. Ukwelula impilo yesevisi yama-microscopes okuhlinzwa, kuyadingeka ukuncika esimweni sengqondo esibucayi sabasebenzi kanye nokunakekelwa kwabo nothando lwaboizibonakhulu, ukuze zibe sesimweni esihle sokusebenza futhi zidlale indima engcono.