I-Evolution of Neurosurgery kanye ne-Microsurgery: Intuthuko Yokuphayona Kwisayensi Yezokwelapha

I-Neurosurgery, eyaqala ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 leminyaka eYurophu, ayizange ibe umkhakha wokuhlinzwa ohlukile kwaze kwaba ngu-Okthoba 1919. Isibhedlela iBrigham eBoston sasungula esinye sezikhungo zokuqala zokuhlinza izinzwa emhlabeni ngo-1920. Kwakuyisikhungo esizinikele esinohlelo lomtholampilo oluphelele kuphela. egxile ku-neurosurgery. Kamuva, kwasungulwa i-Society of Neurosurgeons, insimu yaqanjwa ngokusemthethweni, futhi yaqala ukuthonya ukuthuthukiswa kwe-neurosurgery emhlabeni wonke. Kodwa-ke, phakathi nezigaba zokuqala ze-neurosurgery njengenkundla ekhethekile, amathuluzi okuhlinza ayengajwayelekile, amasu ayengakavuthwa, ukuphepha kwezinzwa kwakungekuhle, futhi izinyathelo eziphumelelayo zokulwa nokutheleleka, ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala kobuchopho, nokucindezela okuphansi kwe-intracranial kwakungekho. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuhlinzwa kwaba yindlala, futhi izinga lokufa lahlala liphezulu.

I-neurosurgery yesimanje ikweleta ukuthuthuka kwayo entuthukweni emithathu ebalulekile ekhulwini le-19. Okokuqala, ukwethulwa kwe-anesthesia kwenza iziguli zikwazi ukuhlinzwa ngaphandle kobuhlungu. Okwesibili, ukuqaliswa kokwenziwa kwendawo yobuchopho (izimpawu zemizwa nezimpawu) kwasiza odokotela abahlinzayo ekuxilongeni nasekuhleleni izinqubo zokuhlinza. Ekugcineni, ukwethulwa kwamasu okulwa nama-bacterium nokusebenzisa izinqubo ze-aseptic kwavumela odokotela abahlinzayo ukuba banciphise ingozi yezinkinga zangemva kokuhlinzwa ezibangelwa izifo.

E-China, umkhakha we-neurosurgery wasungulwa ekuqaleni kwawo-1970 futhi uthole inqubekelaphambili ebalulekile phakathi namashumi amabili eminyaka emizamo yokuzinikela nentuthuko. Ukusungulwa kwe-neurosurgery njengesiyalo kwavula indlela yentuthuko kumasu okuhlinza, ucwaningo lwezokwelapha, kanye nemfundo yezokwelapha. Odokotela abahlinzayo baseShayina benze igalelo elimangalisayo kulo mkhakha, ngaphakathi nakwamanye amazwe, futhi babambe iqhaza elibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni umkhuba wokuhlinzwa kwezinzwa.

Sengiphetha, umkhakha we-neurosurgery usuthuthuke ngendlela emangalisayo kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19. Ukuqala ngezinsiza ezilinganiselwe nokubhekana namazinga aphezulu okufa, ukwethulwa kwe-anesthesia, amasu okwenziwa kwendawo yobuchopho, nezindlela ezithuthukisiwe zokulawula ukutheleleka kuguqule ukuhlinza kwezinzwa kwaba isiyalo esikhethekile sokuhlinza. Imizamo yokuphayona yaseChina kukho kokubili ukuhlinza kwezinzwa kanye ne-microsurgery isiqinise isikhundla sayo njengomholi womhlaba wonke kule mikhakha. Ngokuqhubeka nokuqamba okusha nokuzinikela, lezi ziqondiso zizoqhubeka nokuvela futhi zibe negalelo ekwenzeni ngcono ukunakekelwa kweziguli emhlabeni wonke.