Ukuthuthukiswa kwezithombe ezibonakalayo kuma-microscopes okuhlinzwa asekelwe kuvidiyo

Emkhakheni wezokwelapha, ukuhlinzwa ngokungangabazeki kuyindlela eyinhloko yokwelapha iningi lezifo, ikakhulukazi edlala indima ebalulekile ekwelashweni kokuqala komdlavuza. Isihluthulelo sempumelelo yokuhlinzwa kukadokotela ohlinzayo sisekuboneni ngokucacile ingxenye yesifo ngemva kokusikwa.Ama-microscope okuhlinzaziye zasetshenziswa kabanzi ekuhlinzeni kwezokwelapha ngenxa yomqondo wazo oqinile wobukhulu obuthathu, incazelo ephezulu, kanye nesinqumo esiphezulu. Kodwa-ke, isakhiwo somzimba sengxenye yesifo siyinkimbinkimbi futhi siyinkimbinkimbi, futhi iningi lazo liseduze nezicubu ezibalulekile zezitho. Izakhiwo ze-millimeter kuya kuma-micrometer zidlule kakhulu ububanzi obungabonwa yiso lomuntu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izicubu zemithambo yegazi emzimbeni womuntu zincane futhi zigcwele, futhi ukukhanya akwanele. Noma yikuphi ukuphambuka okuncane kungalimaza isiguli, kuthinte umphumela wokuhlinzwa, futhi kufake ngisho nokuphila engozini. Ngakho-ke, ucwaningo nokuthuthukisaUkusebenzaama-microscopengokukhulisa okwanele kanye nemifanekiso ebonakalayo ecacile yisihloko abacwaningi abaqhubeka nokusihlola ngokujulile.

Njengamanje, ubuchwepheshe bedijithali obufana nesithombe nevidiyo, ukudluliswa kolwazi, kanye nokuqoshwa kwezithombe kungena emkhakheni wokuhlinzwa okuncane ngezinzuzo ezintsha. Lobu buchwepheshe abugcini nje ngokuthonya kakhulu indlela yokuphila yabantu, kodwa futhi buhlanganiswa kancane kancane emkhakheni wokuhlinzwa okuncane. Izibonisi ezicacile, amakhamera, njll. zingahlangabezana ngempumelelo nezidingo zamanje zokunemba kokuhlinzwa. Izinhlelo zevidiyo ezine-CCD, i-CMOS nezinye izinzwa zesithombe njengezindawo zokwamukela ziye zasetshenziswa kancane kancane kuma-microscope okuhlinzwa. Ama-microscope okuhlinzwa evidiyoziguquguquka kakhulu futhi zilungele odokotela ukuzisebenzisa. Ukwethulwa kobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe njengohlelo lokuzulazula, ukubonisa kwe-3D, ikhwalithi yesithombe enencazelo ephezulu, i-augmented reality (AR), njll., okuvumela ukwabelana ngemibono yabantu abaningi ngesikhathi senqubo yokuhlinzwa, kusiza odokotela ekwenzeni kangcono ukuhlinzwa kwangaphakathi kokuhlinzwa.

Ukuthwebula izithombe nge-microscope optical kuyisici esiyinhloko sekhwalithi yokuthwebula izithombe nge-microscope. Ukuthwebula izithombe nge-optical kwama-microscope okuhlinzwa kwevidiyo kunezici zokuklama ezihlukile, kusetshenziswa izingxenye ezithuthukisiwe zokukhanya kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuthwebula izithombe njengezinzwa ze-CMOS noma ze-CCD ezinesinqumo esiphezulu, ezibonisa ukungafani okuphezulu, kanye nobuchwepheshe obubalulekile njenge-optical zoom kanye ne-optical compensation. Lobu buchwepheshe buthuthukisa ngempumelelo ukucaca kwezithombe kanye nekhwalithi yama-microscope, buhlinzeka ngesiqinisekiso esihle sokubona ngemisebenzi yokuhlinzwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe bokuthwebula izithombe nge-optical kanye nokucubungula kwedijithali, ukuthwebula izithombe nge-dynamic ngesikhathi sangempela kanye nokwakhiwa kabusha kwe-3D kuye kwafezwa, kunikeza odokotela abahlinzayo ulwazi olubonakalayo olunembile. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yokuthwebula izithombe nge-optical yama-microscope okuhlinzwa kwevidiyo, abacwaningi bahlala behlola izindlela ezintsha zokuthwebula izithombe nge-optical, njenge-fluorescence imaging, i-polarization imaging, i-multispectral imaging, njll., ukuthuthukisa isinqumo sokuthwebula izithombe kanye nokujula kwama-microscope; Ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bobuhlakani bokwenziwa ekucutshungulweni ngemuva kwedatha yokuthwebula izithombe nge-optical ukuthuthukisa ukucaca kwesithombe kanye nokuqhathanisa.

Ezinqubweni zokuhlinzwa zakuqala,ama-microscope e-binocularzazisetshenziswa kakhulu njengamathuluzi asizayo. I-microscope ye-binocular iyithuluzi elisebenzisa ama-prism nama-lens ukufeza umbono we-stereoscopic. Inganikeza ukuqonda okujulile kanye nombono we-stereoscopic okungekho ma-microscope e-monocular. Maphakathi nekhulu lama-20, u-von Zehender waba ngumholi wokusetshenziswa kwezibuko zokukhulisa ze-binocular ekuhlolweni kwamehlo kwezokwelapha. Ngemva kwalokho, uZeiss wethula ingilazi yokukhulisa ye-binocular enebanga lokusebenza elingama-25 cm, ebeka isisekelo sokuthuthukiswa kokuhlinzwa okuncane kwesimanje. Ngokuphathelene nokuthwebula izithombe ze-optical ze-microscope zokuhlinzwa ze-binocular, ibanga lokusebenza le-microscopes ye-binocular yokuqala lalingu-75 mm. Ngokuthuthuka kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha zezokwelapha, i-microscope yokuqala yokuhlinzwa i-OPMI1 yethulwa, futhi ibanga lokusebenza lingafinyelela ku-405 mm. Ukukhulisa nakho kuyanda njalo, futhi izinketho zokukhulisa ziyanda njalo. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwe-microscope ye-binocular, izinzuzo zazo ezifana nomphumela we-stereoscopic ocacile, ukucaca okuphezulu, kanye nebanga lokusebenza elide kwenze ama-microscope okuhlinzwa e-binocular asetshenziswa kabanzi eminyangweni ehlukahlukene. Kodwa-ke, ukulinganiselwa kobukhulu bayo obukhulu kanye nokujula okuncane akunakunganakwa, futhi abasebenzi bezokwelapha kudingeka balinganise njalo futhi bagxile ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, okwandisa ubunzima bokuhlinzwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, odokotela abahlinzayo abagxila ekubukeni nasekuhlinzeni izinsimbi ezibonakalayo isikhathi eside abagcini nje ngokwandisa umthwalo wabo womzimba, kodwa futhi abahambisani nezimiso ze-ergonomic. Odokotela badinga ukugcina ukuma okuqinile ukuze benze ukuhlolwa kokuhlinzwa ezigulini, futhi kudingeka ukulungiswa ngesandla, okuthi ngezinga elithile kwandisa ubunzima bokuhlinzwa.

Ngemuva kweminyaka yama-1990, izinhlelo zamakhamera nezinzwa zezithombe zaqala ukuhlanganiswa kancane kancane emisebenzini yokuhlinzwa, okubonisa amandla amakhulu okusebenzisa. Ngo-1991, uBerci wasungula uhlelo lwevidiyo lokubona izindawo zokuhlinzwa, olunebanga lokusebenza elilungisekayo elingu-150-500 mm kanye nobubanzi bezinto ezibonakalayo obuqala ku-15-25 mm, ngenkathi kugcinwa ukujula kwensimu phakathi kuka-10-20 mm. Nakuba izindleko zokulungisa eziphezulu zamalensi namakhamera ngaleso sikhathi zazinciphisa ukusetshenziswa kabanzi kwalolu buchwepheshe ezibhedlela eziningi, abacwaningi baqhubeka nokuphishekela ubuchwepheshe obusha futhi baqala ukuthuthukisa ama-microscope okuhlinzwa asekelwe kuvidiyo athuthukile. Uma kuqhathaniswa nama-microscope okuhlinzwa e-binocular, adinga isikhathi eside ukugcina le ndlela yokusebenza engashintshi, ingaholela kalula ekukhathaleni ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo. I-microscope yokuhlinzwa yohlobo lwevidiyo iveza isithombe esikhulu esibukweni, igwema ukuma okungekuhle isikhathi eside kodokotela ohlinzayo. Ama-microscope okuhlinzwa asekelwe kuvidiyo akhulula odokotela ekumeni okukodwa, okubavumela ukuthi basebenze ezindaweni zokwakheka komzimba ngezikrini ezicacile.

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kobuchwepheshe bobuhlakani bokwenziwa, ama-microscope okuhlinzwa aye aba ahlakaniphile kancane kancane, kanti ama-microscope okuhlinzwa asekelwe kumavidiyo abe yimikhiqizo eyinhloko emakethe. I-microscope yokuhlinzwa yamanje esekelwe kumavidiyo ihlanganisa ubuchwepheshe bokubona ikhompyutha kanye nokufunda okujulile ukuze kufezwe ukuqashelwa kwezithombe okuzenzakalelayo, ukuhlukaniswa, kanye nokuhlaziywa. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokuhlinzwa, ama-microscope okuhlinzwa asekelwe kumavidiyo ahlakaniphile angasiza odokotela ekutholeni ngokushesha izicubu ezigulayo kanye nokuthuthukisa ukunemba kokuhlinzwa.

Enqubweni yokuthuthukiswa kusukela kuma-microscope e-binocular kuya kuma-microscope okuhlinzwa asekelwe kuvidiyo, akunzima ukuthola ukuthi izidingo zokunemba, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nokuphepha ekuhlinzeni ziyanda usuku nosuku. Njengamanje, isidingo sokuthwebula izithombe ze-optical zama-microscope okuhlinzwa asigcini nje ngokukhulisa izingxenye ze-pathological, kodwa siyahlukahluka futhi sisebenza kahle. Ezokwelapha zezokwelapha, ama-microscope okuhlinzwa asetshenziswa kabanzi ekuhlinzeni kwezinzwa kanye nomgogodla ngokusebenzisa amamojula e-fluorescence ahlanganiswe ne-augmented reality. Uhlelo lokuzulazula lwe-AR lungenza kube lula ukuhlinzwa okuyinkimbinkimbi komgogodla, futhi ama-fluorescent agents angaqondisa odokotela ukuthi basuse ngokuphelele izimila zobuchopho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abacwaningi baphumelele ekutholeni ngokuzenzakalelayo ama-polyps e-vocal cord kanye ne-leukoplakia besebenzisa i-hyperspectral surgical microscope ehlanganiswe nama-algorithms okuhlukanisa izithombe. Ama-microscope okuhlinzwa evidiyo asetshenziswe kabanzi emikhakheni eyahlukene yokuhlinzwa njenge-thyroidectomy, ukuhlinzwa kwe-retina, kanye nokuhlinzwa kwe-lymphatic ngokuhlanganiswa ne-fluorescence imaging, i-multispectral imaging, kanye nobuchwepheshe bokucubungula izithombe obuhlakaniphile.

Uma kuqhathaniswa nama-microscope okuhlinza asebenzisa i-binocular, ama-microscope evidiyo anganikeza ukwabelana ngevidiyo ngabasebenzisi abaningi, izithombe zokuhlinzwa ezicacile kakhulu, futhi asebenza kahle kakhulu, kunciphisa ukukhathala kodokotela. Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-optical imaging, i-digitization, kanye nobuhlakani kuthuthukise kakhulu ukusebenza kwezinhlelo zokukhanya ze-optical microscope, kanye ne-real-time dynamic imaging, i-augmented reality, kanye nobunye ubuchwepheshe buye bandisa kakhulu imisebenzi namamojula ama-microscope okuhlinza asekelwe kuvidiyo.

Ukuthwebula izithombe ze-optical zama-microscopes okuhlinzwa asekelwe kuvidiyo yesikhathi esizayo kuzoba okunembe kakhudlwana, okusebenzayo, nokuhlakaniphile, okuhlinzeka odokotela ngolwazi oluphelele, olunemininingwane, nolunezinhlangothi ezintathu lwesiguli ukuze baqondise kangcono ukuhlinzwa kokuhlinzwa. Okwamanje, ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe kanye nokwanda kwezinkambu zokufaka isicelo, lolu hlelo luzosetshenziswa futhi luthuthukiswe emikhakheni eminingi.