Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-optical imaging kumamicroscope okuhlinzwa asekelwe kuvidiyo

Emkhakheni wezokwelapha, ukuhlinzwa ngokungangabazeki kuyindlela ewumgogodla yokwelapha izifo eziningi, ikakhulukazi okudlala indima ebalulekile ekwelapheni umdlavuza kusenesikhathi. Isihluthulelo sempumelelo yokuhlinzwa kodokotela ohlinzayo sisekuboneni okucacile kwesigaba se-pathological ngemva kokuhlinzwa.Izibonakhulu zokuhlinzaziye zasetshenziswa kabanzi ekuhlinzeni ngezokwelapha ngenxa yomqondo wazo oqinile wobukhulu obuthathu, ukuchazwa okuphezulu, nokucaca okuphezulu. Kodwa-ke, isakhiwo se-anatomical sengxenye ye-pathological iyinkimbinkimbi futhi iyinkimbinkimbi, futhi iningi lazo liseduze nezicubu ezibalulekile zesitho. Izakhiwo zemilimitha ukuya kuma-micrometer zidlule kude ububanzi obungabonwa ngeso lomuntu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izicubu zemithambo emzimbeni womuntu zincane futhi ziminyene, futhi ukukhanya akwanele. Noma yikuphi ukuchezuka okuncane kungase kubangele ukulimala esigulini, kuthinte umphumela wokuhlinzwa, futhi kufake ngisho nokuphila engozini. Ngakho-ke, ukucwaninga nokuthuthukisaIsebenzangezibonakhulungokukhuliswa okwanele kanye nemifanekiso ebonakalayo ecacile yisihloko abacwaningi abaqhubeka behlola ngokujulile.

Njengamanje, ubuchwepheshe bedijithali obufana nesithombe nevidiyo, ukudluliswa kolwazi, nokuqoshwa kwezithombe kungena emkhakheni we-microsurgery ngezinzuzo ezintsha. Lobu buchwepheshe abuthinti ngokujulile izindlela zokuphila zabantu kuphela, kodwa futhi buhlanganisa kancane kancane emkhakheni we-microsurgery. Izibonisi zokucaca okuphezulu, amakhamera, njll. zingahlangabezana ngokuphumelelayo nezidingo zamanje zokunemba kokuhlinzwa. Amasistimu wevidiyo ane-CCD, i-CMOS nezinye izinzwa zesithombe njengezindawo zokwamukela ziye zasetshenziswa kancane kancane kumamicroscope okuhlinzwa. Imakroskopu yokuhlinzwa yevidiyozivumelana nezimo kakhulu futhi zilungele ukuthi odokotela bazisebenze. Ukwethulwa kobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe obufana nesistimu yokuzulazula, isibonisi se-3D, ikhwalithi yesithombe enencazelo ephezulu, into engekho ngokoqobo (AR), njll., okuvumela ukwabelana ngokubuka kwabantu abaningi phakathi nenqubo yokuhlinzwa, kusiza ngokwengeziwe odokotela ekwenzeni kangcono ukuhlinzwa kwangaphakathi kokuhlinzwa.

I-microscope optical imaging iyisinqumo esiyinhloko sekhwalithi yokuthwebula ngesibonakhulu. Ukuthwebula isithombe semicroscope yokuhlinzwa kwevidiyo kunezici zokuklama eziyingqayizivele, kusetshenziswa izingxenye ezithuthukisiwe ze-optical kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuthwebula izithombe ezifana nokulungiswa okuphezulu, izinzwa ezigqamile ze-CMOS noma ze-CCD, kanye nobuchwepheshe obuyinhloko obufana ne-optical zoom nesinxephezelo sokubona. Lobu buchwepheshe buthuthukisa ngempumelelo ukucaca kwesithombe kanye nekhwalithi yama-microscopes, bunikeze isiqiniseko esihle sokubonwayo semisebenzi yokuhlinzwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe be-imaging optical nokucutshungulwa kwedijithali, ukucabanga okuguquguqukayo kwesikhathi sangempela kanye nokwakhiwa kabusha kwe-3D kufinyelelwe, okuhlinzeka odokotela abahlinzayo ngolwazi olubonakalayo olunembile. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi ye-optical imaging ye-microscopes yokuhlinzwa yevidiyo, abacwaningi bahlale behlola izindlela ezintsha ze-optical imaging, ezifana ne-fluorescence imaging, imaging polarization, imaging multispectral, njll., ukuthuthukisa ukulungiswa kwesithombe nokujula kwama-microscopes; Kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe bokwenziwa kobuhlakani bokwenziwa ngemuva kokucubungula idatha ye-optical imaging ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukucaca nokugqama kwesithombe.

Ezinqubweni zokuhlinzwa zakuqala,ama-binocular microscopeszazisetshenziswa kakhulu njengamathuluzi asizayo. I-binocular microscope iyithuluzi elisebenzisa amaprism namalensi ukuze kuzuzwe umbono we-stereoscopic. Inganikeza umbono ojulile kanye nombono we-stereoscopic i-monocular microscopes engenawo. Maphakathi nekhulu lama-20, u-von Zehender waba iphayona ekusetshenzisweni kwezingilazi zokukhulisa i-binocular ekuhlolweni kwamehlo kwezokwelapha. Kamuva, u-Zeiss wethula ingilazi yokukhulisa i-binocular enebanga lokusebenza elingama-25 cm, ebeka isisekelo sokuthuthukiswa kwe-microsurgery yesimanje. Ngokuphathelene nokubonwa kwe-optical microscopes yokuhlinzwa ye-binocular, ibanga lokusebenza le-binocular microscopes lakuqala lalingu-75 mm. Ngokuthuthukiswa kanye nokusha kwezinsimbi zezokwelapha, kwethulwa isibonakhulu sokuqala sokuhlinza i-OPMI1, futhi ibanga lokusebenza lingafinyelela ku-405 mm. Ukwandiswa nakho kukhula njalo, futhi izinketho zokukhulisa zikhula njalo. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwama-binocular microscopes, izinzuzo zazo ezinjengomphumela ocacile we-stereoscopic, ukucaca okuphezulu, kanye nebanga elide lokusebenza kwenze ama-binocular surgeon microscopes asetshenziswe kabanzi eminyangweni ehlukahlukene. Kodwa-ke, ukulinganiselwa kobukhulu bayo obukhulu nokujula okuncane akunakunakwa, futhi abasebenzi bezokwelapha badinga ukulinganisa njalo nokugxila ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, okwandisa ubunzima bokusebenza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, odokotela abahlinzayo abagxila ekubukeni nasekusebenzeni kwensimbi isikhathi eside abagcini nje ukwandisa umthwalo wabo ongokwenyama, kodwa futhi abahambisani nezimiso ze-ergonomic. Odokotela badinga ukugcina ukuma okuhleliwe ukuze benze izivivinyo zokuhlinzwa ezigulini, futhi ukulungiswa kwezandla kuyadingeka, okuyinto ngokwezinga elithile kwandisa ubunzima bokuhlinzwa kokuhlinzwa.

Ngemuva kweminyaka yawo-1990, izinhlelo zamakhamera nezinzwa zesithombe zaqala ukuhlanganisa kancane kancane ezenzweni zokuhlinza, okubonisa amandla amakhulu okusebenza. Ngo-1991, uBerci wasungula uhlelo lwevidiyo lokubuka ngeso lengqondo izindawo zokuhlinza, olunebanga eliguquguqukayo lokusebenza lika-150-500 mm kanye nobubanzi bezinto ezibonakalayo obusuka ku-15-25 mm, kuyilapho kugcinwa ukujula kwenkundla phakathi kuka-10-20 mm. Nakuba izindleko eziphakeme zokunakekela amalensi namakhamera ngaleso sikhathi zanciphisa ukusetshenziswa okwandile kwalobu buchwepheshe ezibhedlela eziningi, abacwaningi baqhubeka nokuphishekela ukuqanjwa kabusha kwezobuchwepheshe futhi baqala ukuthuthukisa ama-microscopes okuhlinzwa asekelwe kuvidiyo athuthuke kakhulu. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezibonakhulu zokuhlinza ezibonakele, ezidinga isikhathi eside ukuze kugcinwe le ndlela yokusebenza engashintshile, kungaholela kalula ekukhathaleni ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo. I-microscope yokuhlinzwa yohlobo lwevidiyo iphrojekthi yesithombe esikhulisiwe kumonitha, igwema ukuma okungekuhle isikhathi eside kukadokotela ohlinzayo. Imakroskopu yokuhlinzwa esekwe kuvidiyo ikhulula odokotela ekumeni okukodwa, okubavumela ukuthi basebenze kumasayithi e-anatomical ngokusebenzisa izikrini ezinencazelo ephezulu.

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kobuchwepheshe bobuhlakani bokwenziwa, ama-microscopes okuhlinzwa kancane kancane ahlakanipha, futhi ama-microscopes okuhlinzwa asuselwa kuvidiyo abe yimikhiqizo ejwayelekile emakethe. I-microscope yamanje esekelwe kuvidiyo yokuhlinzwa ihlanganisa ukubona kwekhompyutha kanye nobuchwepheshe bokufunda okujulile ukuze kuzuzwe ukubonwa kwesithombe okuzenzakalelayo, ukuhlukaniswa, nokuhlaziya. Phakathi nenqubo yokuhlinzwa, ama-microscopes asekelwe kuvidiyo ahlakaniphile angasiza odokotela ekutholeni ngokushesha izicubu ezigulayo futhi bathuthukise ukunemba kokuhlinzwa.

Enqubweni yokuthuthukiswa kusuka kuma-binocular microscopes kuya kumamicroscopes okuhlinzwa asekelwe kuvidiyo, akunzima ukuthola ukuthi izidingo zokunemba, ukusebenza kahle, nokuphepha ekuhlinzeni ziyanda usuku nosuku. Njengamanje, isidingo se-optical imaging ye-microscopes yokuhlinzwa asigcini nje ekukhuliseni izingxenye ze-pathological, kodwa siya ngokuya sihlukahluka futhi sisebenza kahle. Emithi yokwelapha, ama-microscopes okuhlinzwa asetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhlinzeni kwezinzwa nomgogodla ngokusebenzisa amamojula we-fluorescence ahlanganiswe neqiniso elingathandwa kwabathelisi esikubona. Isistimu yokuzulazula ye-AR ingasiza ukuhlinzwa kokhiye wembobo yomgogodla, futhi ama-fluorescent agents angaqondisa odokotela ukuthi basuse ngokuphelele izimila zobuchopho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abacwaningi bathole ngempumelelo ukutholwa okuzenzakalelayo kwama-polyps entambo yezwi kanye ne-leukoplakia besebenzisa isibonakhulu sokuhlinzwa se-hyperspectral esihlanganiswe ne-algorithms yokuhlukaniswa kwesithombe. Amamicroscope okuhlinzwa evidiyo asetshenziswe kabanzi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yokuhlinzwa efana ne-thyroidectomy, ukuhlinzwa kwe-retina, nokuhlinzwa kwe-lymphatic ngokuhlanganisa ne-fluorescence imaging, imaging multispectral, kanye nobuchwepheshe bokucubungula izithombe ezihlakaniphile.

Uma kuqhathaniswa nezibonakhulu zokuhlinza ezizibonayo, ama-microscopes wevidiyo anganikeza ukwabelana ngevidiyo yabasebenzisi abaningi, izithombe zokuhlinza ezinencazelo ephezulu, futhi ane-ergonomic kakhudlwana, enciphisa ukukhathala kodokotela. Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-imaging ye-optical, i-digitization, kanye nobuhlakani kuye kwathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwezinhlelo zokukhanya ze-microscope yokuhlinzwa, kanye nesithombe se-real-time ashukumisayo, ukungokoqobo okungathandwa kwabathelisi esikubona, kanye nobunye ubuchwepheshe kuye kwandisa kakhulu imisebenzi namamojula we-microscopes yokuhlinzwa esekelwe kuvidiyo.

I-imaging yamehlo yamamicroscopes okuhlinzwa asekelwe kuvidiyo ezayo izonemba kakhudlwana, isebenze kahle, futhi ihlakaniphe, inikeze odokotela ulwazi olubanzi, olunemininingwane, kanye nolwazi lwesiguli olunezinhlangothi ezintathu ukuze baqondise kangcono ukuhlinzwa. Khonamanjalo, ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe kanye nokwandiswa kwezinkambu zezicelo, lolu hlelo luzosetshenziswa futhi luthuthukiswe emikhakheni eminingi.