Intuthuko Yezobuchwepheshe kanye Nezicelo Zomtholampilo Zemikroskopu Yokuhlinzwa Ye-Ultra-High-Definition

 

Izibonakhulu zokuhlinzaidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu emikhakheni yezokwelapha yesimanje, ikakhulukazi emikhakheni enembayo ephezulu njengokuhlinzwa kwemizwa, i-ophthalmology, i-otolaryngology, kanye nokuhlinzwa okungenasidingo, lapho sekuphenduke imishini eyisisekelo ebaluleke kakhulu. Ngamakhono okukhulisa okuphezulu,Ama-microscopes asebenzayoinikeza umbono oningiliziwe, okuvumela odokotela abahlinzayo ukuba babone imininingwane engabonakali ngeso lenyama, njengemicu yezinzwa, imithambo yegazi, nezingqimba zezicubu, ngaleyo ndlela basize odokotela bagweme ukulimaza izicubu ezinempilo phakathi nokuhlinzwa. Ikakhulukazi ku-neurosurgery, ukukhuliswa okuphezulu kwe-microscope kuvumela ukutholakala kwasendaweni okunembile kwamathumba noma izicubu ezigulayo, ukuqinisekisa imingcele ecacile yokukhishwa kabusha nokugwema ukulimala kwemizwa ebucayi, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokululama kweziguli ngemuva kokuhlinzwa.

Amamakroskopu okuhlinzwa okuvamile ngokuvamile ahlome ngezinhlelo zokubonisa zokulungiswa okujwayelekile, ezikwazi ukunikeza ulwazi olwanele lokubuka ukusekela izidingo zokuhlinzwa eziyinkimbinkimbi. Kodwa-ke, ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kobuchwepheshe bezokwelapha, ikakhulukazi impumelelo emkhakheni wobuchwepheshe obubonakalayo, ikhwalithi yokucabanga yamamicroscopes okuhlinzwa kancane kancane ibe yinto ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukunemba kokuhlinzwa. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezibonakhulu zokuhlinzwa zomdabu, ama-microscopes anencazelo ephezulu kakhulu angaveza imininingwane eyengeziwe. Ngokwethula izinhlelo zokubonisa nezokuthwebula ezinezinqumo ze-4K, 8K, noma ngisho nangaphezulu, amamicroscopes okuhlinzwa anencazelo ephezulu kakhulu anika amandla odokotela abahlinzayo ukuhlonza nokushintsha izilonda ezincane nezakhiwo ze-anatomical, okuthuthukisa kakhulu ukunemba nokuphepha kokuhlinzwa. Ngokuhlanganiswa okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe bokucubungula izithombe, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa, kanye neqiniso langempela, ama-microscopes okuhlinzwa e-ultra-high-definition awathuthukisi nje kuphela ikhwalithi yesithombe kodwa futhi anikeze ukwesekwa okuhlakaniphe kakhulu kokuhlinzwa, ukushayela izinqubo zokuhlinza ekuqondeni okuphezulu kanye nengozi ephansi.

 

Ukusetshenziswa komtholampilo kwe-ultra-high-definition microscope

Ngokusungulwa okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe bokuthwebula izithombe, ama-microscopes anencazelo ephezulu kancane kancane adlala indima ebalulekile ezinhlelweni zomtholampilo, ngenxa yokulungiswa kwawo okuphezulu kakhulu, ikhwalithi enhle kakhulu yokuthwebula, namandla okubona ngesikhathi sangempela.

I-Ophthalmology

Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Ophthalmic kudinga ukuhlinzwa okunembayo, okubeka izindinganiso eziphakeme zobuchwepheshei-ophthalmic surgical microscopes. Isibonelo, ekusikweni kwe-laser corneal ye-femtosecond, isibonakhulu sokuhlinzwa singanikeza ukukhulisa okuphezulu ukuze ubuke igumbi elingaphambili, ukusika okumaphakathi kwenhlamvu yeso, futhi ihlole indawo yokusikwa. Ekuhlinzweni kwe-ophthalmic, ukukhanya kubalulekile. Isibonakhulu asihlinzeki nje kuphela ngemiphumela emihle yokubuka enokukhanya okuphansi kokukhanya kodwa futhi sikhiqiza ukubonakaliswa kokukhanya okubomvu okukhethekile, okusiza kuyo yonke inqubo yokuhlinzwa kwe-cataract. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-optical coherence tomography (OCT) isetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhlinzweni kwamehlo ukuze kubonakale ngeso lengqondo ngaphansi komhlaba. Ingahlinzeka ngezithombe ezihlukene, inqobe ukulinganiselwa kwe-microscope ngokwayo, engakwazi ukubona izicubu ezinhle ngenxa yokubhekwa phambili. Isibonelo, uKapeller et al. isebenzise isibonisi se-4K-3D kanye nekhompyutha yethebhulethi ukuze ibonise ngokuzenzakalelayo umdwebo womphumela we-Microscope-integrated OCT (miOCT) (4D-miOCT). Ngokusekelwe kumpendulo yomsebenzisi ecabangelayo, ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kobuningi, nezilinganiso zobuningi ezihlukahlukene, zibonise ukuba nokwenzeka kokusebenzisa isibonisi se-4K-3D esikhundleni se-4D-miOCT kusibonakhulu esikhanyayo esimhlophe. Ukwengeza, ocwaningweni lukaLata et al., ngokuqoqa amacala eziguli eziyi-16 ezine-glaucoma yokuzalwa ehambisana neso lenkunzi, basebenzise isibonakhulu esinomsebenzi we-miOCT ukuze babheke inqubo yokuhlinzwa ngesikhathi sangempela. Ngokuhlola idatha ebalulekile njengamapharamitha wangaphambi kokuhlinzwa, imininingwane yokuhlinzwa, izinkinga zangemva kokuhlinzwa, ukubona kahle kokugcina, nokushuba kwe-corneal, ekugcineni babonise ukuthi i-miOCT ingasiza odokotela babone izakhiwo zezicubu, bathuthukise ukusebenza, futhi banciphise ingozi yezinkinga phakathi nokuhlinzwa. Kodwa-ke, naphezu kokuthi i-OCT kancane kancane iba ithuluzi elisizayo elinamandla ekuhlinzeni kwe-vitreoretinal, ikakhulukazi ezimweni eziyinkimbinkimbi kanye nokuhlinzwa okunoveli (njengokwelashwa kwezakhi zofuzo), abanye odokotela bayangabaza ukuthi ingakwazi ngempela yini ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle komtholampilo ngenxa yezindleko zayo eziphakeme kanye nejika lokufunda elide.

I-Otolaryngology

Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Otorhinolaryngology kungenye inkambu yokuhlinzwa esebenzisa i-microscopes yokuhlinzwa. Ngenxa yobukhona bemigodi ejulile nezakhiwo ezintekenteke ezicini zobuso, ukukhuliswa nokukhanya kubalulekile emiphumeleni yokuhlinzwa. Nakuba ngezinye izikhathi ama-endoscopes anganikeza umbono ongcono wezindawo zokuhlinza ezincane,ama-ultra-high-definition microscopes okuhlinzwainikeza umbono ojulile, ovumela ukukhuliswa kwezifunda ezincane ze-anatomical ezifana ne-cochlea nama-sinuses, ukusiza odokotela ekwelapheni izimo ezifana ne-otitis media kanye nama-polyps akhala. Ngokwesibonelo, Dundar et al. kuqhathaniswa nemiphumela ye-microscope kanye nezindlela ze-endoscope zokuhlinzwa kwe-stapes ekwelapheni i-otosclerosis, ukuqoqa idatha evela ezigulini ze-84 ezitholwe ukuthi zine-otosclerosis ezahlinzwa phakathi kuka-2010 no-2020. Ukusebenzisa ukuguqulwa komehluko we-air-bone conduction ngaphambi nangemva kokuhlinzwa njengenkomba yokulinganisa, imiphumela yokugcina yabonisa ukuthi nakuba zombili izindlela zazinemiphumela efanayo yokuhlinzwa ekuthuthukisweni kokuzwa kokuzwa kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokuzwa kwe-microscope. ijika. Ngokufanayo, ocwaningweni obekulindelwe olwenziwe ngu-Ashfaq et al., ithimba labacwaningi lenze i-parotidectomy esiza nge-microscope ezigulini ezingama-70 ezinamathumba endlala ye-parotid phakathi kuka-2020 no-2023, ligxile ekuhloleni indima yamamicroscopes ekuhlonzweni nasekuvikeleni izinzwa zobuso. Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi ama-microscopes anezinzuzo eziphawulekayo ekuthuthukiseni ukucaca kwensimu yokuhlinzwa, ukukhomba ngokunembile isiqu esiyinhloko namagatsha enzwa yobuso, ukunciphisa ukudonsa kwezinzwa, kanye ne-hemostasis, okwenza kube ithuluzi elibalulekile lokuthuthukisa amazinga okulondoloza izinzwa zobuso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba ukuhlinzwa kuba nzima kakhulu futhi kunembile, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-AR nezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokuthwebula nge-microscopes zokuhlinzwa kwenza odokotela abahlinzayo bakwazi ukwenza ukuhlinzwa okuqondiswa yizithombe.

Ukuhlinzwa Kwezinzwa

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-ultra-high-definitioni-microscopes yokuhlinzwa ku-neurosurgeryishintshile kusukela ekuhlolweni kokubona okuvamile yaya kwidijithali, i-augmented reality (AR), kanye nosizo oluhlakaniphile. Ngokwesibonelo, uDraxinger et al. kusetshenziswe isibonakhulu esihlanganiswe nohlelo lokuzithuthukisa lwe-MHz-OCT, oluhlinzeka ngezithombe ezinezinhlangothi ezintathu zokucaca okuphezulu ngokusebenzisa imvamisa yokuskena engu-1.6 MHz, esiza ngempumelelo odokotela abahlinzayo ekuhlukaniseni phakathi kwamathumba nezicubu ezinempilo ngesikhathi sangempela kanye nokuthuthukisa ukunemba kokuhlinzwa. Hafez et al. kuqhathanise ukusebenza kwamamicroscopes endabuko kanye ne-ultra-high-definition microsurgical imaging system (Exoscope) ekuhlinzeni kokuhlolwa kwe-cerebrovascular bypass, ithola ukuthi nakuba isibonakhulu sinezikhathi ezimfushane ze-suture (P<0.001), i-Exoscope yenze kangcono ngokusatshalaliswa kwe-suture (P=0.001). Ukwengeza, i-Exoscope inikeze ukuma okunethezeke kakhudlwana kokuhlinzwa kanye nombono okwabelwana ngawo, inikeza izinzuzo zokufundisa. Ngokufanayo, uCalloni et al. kuqhathanise ukusetshenziswa kwe-Exoscope kanye nezibonakhulu zendabuko zokuhlinzwa ekuqeqesheni abahlali be-neurosurgery. Izakhamuzi eziyishumi nesithupha zenze imisebenzi ephindaphindayo yokuqaphela isakhiwo kumamodeli e-cranial zisebenzisa zombili izisetshenziswa. Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi nakuba wawungekho umehluko ophawulekayo esikhathini esiphelele sokusebenza phakathi kwalokhu kokubili, i-Exoscope yenze kangcono ekuhlonzeni izakhiwo ezijulile futhi yabonwa njengento enembile nenethezekile ngabahlanganyeli abaningi, enethuba lokuba yinsakavukela esikhathini esizayo. Ngokusobala, i-ultra-high-definition microscopes yokuhlinzwa, efakwe i-4K high-definition displays, inganikeza bonke ababambiqhaza izithombe zokuhlinzwa ze-3D zekhwalithi engcono, kube lula ukuxhumana nokuhlinzwa, ukudluliswa kolwazi, nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokufundisa.

Ukuhlinzwa komgogodla

Incazelo ephezulu kakhului-microscopes yokuhlinzwaukudlala indima ebalulekile emkhakheni wokuhlinzwa umgogodla. Ngokunikeza izithombe ezinezinhlangothi ezintathu ezinokulungiswa okuphezulu, zenza odokotela abahlinzayo bakwazi ukubona ukwakheka kwe-anatomical eyinkimbinkimbi yomgogodla ngokucacile, kuhlanganise nezingxenye ezicashile ezinjengemizwa, imithambo yegazi, nezicubu zamathambo, ngaleyo ndlela bathuthukise ukunemba nokuphepha kokuhlinzwa. Ngokuphathelene nokulungiswa kwe-scoliosis, i-microscopes yokuhlinzwa ingathuthukisa ukucaca kombono wokuhlinzwa kanye nekhono elihle lokuxhaphaza, ukusiza odokotela babone ngokunembile izakhiwo ze-neural kanye nezicubu ezigulayo ngaphakathi komsele omncane womgogodla, ngaleyo ndlela baqedele ngokuphepha nangempumelelo izinqubo zokuwohloka nokuqiniswa.

Ilanga et al. kuqhathanise ukusebenza kahle nokuphepha kokuhlinzwa komlomo wesibeletho okusizwa nge-microscope kanye nokuhlinzwa okuvulekile kwendabuko ekwelapheni i-ossification ye-posterior longitudinal ligament yomgogodla womlomo wesibeletho. Iziguli ezingamashumi ayisithupha zahlukaniswa zaba yiqembu elisizwa nge-microscope (amacala angu-30) kanye neqembu lokuhlinzwa lendabuko (amacala angu-30). Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi iqembu elisizwa nge-microscope lalinokulahlekelwa kwegazi okuphakeme kakhulu kwe-intraoperative, ukuhlala esibhedlela, kanye nezibalo zezinhlungu zangemva kokuhlinzwa uma kuqhathaniswa neqembu lokuhlinzwa lendabuko, futhi izinga lezinkinga laliphansi eqenjini elisizwa nge-microscope. Ngokufanayo, ekuhlinzeni umgogodla, uSinghatanadgige et al. kuqhathanise imiphumela yokusetshenziswa kwamamicroscopes okuhlinzwa amathambo kanye nezibuko zokukhulisa ukuhlinzwa ekuhlanganisweni kwe-lumbar kwe-transforaminal engenelele kancane. Ucwaningo lwaluhlanganisa iziguli ze-100 futhi aluzange lubonise umehluko ophawulekayo phakathi kwamaqembu amabili ekunciphiseni ubuhlungu be-postoperative, ukuthuthukiswa komsebenzi, ukukhuliswa komgogodla womgogodla, izinga lokuhlanganisa, kanye nezinkinga, kodwa i-microscope inikeze insimu engcono yokubuka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-microscopes ahlanganiswe nobuchwepheshe be-AR asetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhlinzeni umgogodla. Ngokwesibonelo, uCarl et al. kusungulwe ubuchwepheshe be-AR ezigulini eziyi-10 zisebenzisa isibonisi esifakwe ekhanda sesibonakhulu sokuhlinzwa. Imiphumela ibonise ukuthi i-AR inamandla amakhulu okufaka isicelo ekuhlinzeni umgogodla, ikakhulukazi ezimweni eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-anatomical kanye nemfundo yokuhlala.

 

Isifinyezo kanye ne-Outlook

Uma kuqhathaniswa nezibonakhulu zokuhlinzwa ezivamile, ama-microscopes okuhlinzwa anencazelo ephezulu kakhulu anikeza izinzuzo eziningi, okuhlanganisa izinketho eziningi zokukhuliswa, ukukhanya okuzinzile nokugqamile, amasistimu okubona anembile, amabanga okusebenza anwetshiwe, nezitendi ezizinzile ze-ergonomic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinketho zabo zokubonisa ukucaca okuphezulu, ikakhulukazi ukuhlanganiswa nezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokuthatha izithombe kanye nobuchwepheshe be-AR, zisekela ngempumelelo ukuhlinza okuqondiswa izithombe.

Naphezu kwezinzuzo eziningi zama-microscopes okuhlinzwa, basabhekene nezinselele ezinkulu. Ngenxa yobukhulu bawo, ama-microscopes okuhlinzwa anencazelo ephezulu kakhulu adala ubunzima obuthile bokusebenza ngesikhathi sokuthutha phakathi kwamagumbi okuhlinza kanye nokuma kwangaphakathi kokuhlinzwa, okungase kuthinte kabi ukuqhubeka nokusebenza kahle kwezinqubo zokuhlinzwa. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukwakheka kwe-microscopes kuye kwathuthukiswa ngokuphawulekayo, ngezithwali zazo ze-optical kanye nemiphongolo yelensi ye-binocular esekela ukulungiswa okubanzi kokutsheka nokujikelezayo, okuthuthukisa kakhulu ukuguquguquka kokusebenza kwemishini kanye nokwenza lula ukubhekwa nokusebenza kodokotela ohlinzayo endaweni engokwemvelo futhi enethezekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe bokubonisa obugqokekayo kunikeza odokotela abahlinzayo ukwesekwa okubonakalayo kwe-ergonomic okwengeziwe phakathi nokuhlinzwa okuncane, okusiza ekudambiseni ukukhathala kokusebenza kanye nokuthuthukisa ukunemba kokuhlinzwa kanye nekhono eliqhubekayo lokusebenza likadokotela ohlinzayo. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuntuleka kwesakhiwo esisekelayo, ukugxila kaningi kuyadingeka, okwenza ukuzinza kobuchwepheshe bokubonisa obugqokekayo bube ngaphansi kobubonakhulu obuvamile bokuhlinzwa. Esinye isixazululo wukuvela kwesakhiwo semishini sibheke ku-miniaturization kanye ne-modularization ukuze ivumelane nezimo eziguquguqukayo nezimo ezihlukahlukene zokuhlinzwa. Kodwa-ke, ukuncishiswa kwevolumu kuvame ukubandakanya izinqubo zokunemba zemishini kanye nezindleko eziphezulu ezihlanganisiwe zezingxenye ze-optical, okwenza izindleko zangempela zokukhiqiza zamathuluzi zibize.

Enye inselele yezibonakhulu zokuhlinzwa ezisezingeni eliphezulu ukusha kwesikhumba okubangelwa ukukhanya kwamandla amakhulu. Ukuze unikeze imiphumela ekhanyayo yokubuka, ikakhulukazi lapho kukhona izibukeli eziningi noma amakhamera, umthombo wokukhanya kufanele ukhiphe ukukhanya okunamandla, okungase kushise izicubu zesiguli. Kuye kwabikwa ukuthi ama-microscopes okuhlinzwa ophthalmic nawo angabangela i-phototoxicity ebusweni be-ocular kanye nefilimu yokudabula, okuholela ekwehleni kokusebenza kwamangqamuzana e-ocular. Ngakho-ke, ukwenza ngcono ukuphathwa kokukhanya, ukulungisa usayizi wendawo namandla okukhanya ngokuya ngokukhuliswa kanye nebanga lokusebenza, kubaluleke kakhulu kumamicroscope okuhlinzwa. Ngokuzayo, i-optical imaging ingase yethule imaging ye-panoramic kanye nobuchwepheshe bokwakha kabusha obunxantathu ukuze kwandiswe inkambu yokubuka futhi kubuyiselwe ngokunembile ukwakheka kwezinhlangothi ezintathu kwendawo yokuhlinza. Lokhu kuzokwenza odokotela baqonde kangcono isimo sonke sendawo yokuhlinzwa futhi bagweme ukulahlekelwa ulwazi olubalulekile. Nokho, izithombe ze-panoramic kanye nokwakhiwa kabusha kwezinhlangothi ezintathu kuhlanganisa ukutholwa kwesikhathi sangempela, ukubhaliswa, nokwakhiwa kabusha kwezithombe ezinokulungiswa okuphezulu, okukhiqiza amanani amakhulu edatha. Lokhu kubeka izidingo eziphakeme kakhulu ekusebenzeni kahle kwama-algorithms okucubungula izithombe, amandla ekhompuyutha yehadiwe, nezinhlelo zokugcina, ikakhulukazi phakathi nokuhlinzwa lapho ukusebenza kwesikhathi sangempela kubalulekile, okwenza le nselele igqame nakakhulu.

Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kobuchwepheshe obufana ne-imaging yezokwelapha, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa, kanye ne-computational optics, i-ultra-high-definition microscopes yokuhlinzwa ibonise amandla amakhulu ekuthuthukiseni ukunemba kokuhlinzwa, ukuphepha, nolwazi lokusebenza. Esikhathini esizayo, ama-microscopes okuhlinza asezingeni eliphezulu angase aqhubeke nokuthuthuka ngezindlela ezine ezilandelayo: (1) Ngokuphathelene nokukhiqizwa kwemishini, ukwenza i-miniaturization kanye ne-modularization kufanele kufinyelelwe ngezindleko eziphansi, okwenza ukusetshenziswa komtholampilo okukhulu kwenzeke; (2) Ukuthuthukisa izindlela zokulawula ukukhanya ezithuthuke kakhulu ukuze kubhekwane nenkinga yokulimala kokukhanya okubangelwa ukuhlinzwa isikhathi eside; (3) Dizayina ama-algorithms asizayo ahlakaniphile kokubili anembe futhi angasindi ukuze ahlangabezane nezimfuneko zokusebenza zokubala zezinto zokusebenza; (4) Hlanganisa ngokujulile i-AR kanye nezinhlelo zokuhlinza zerobhothi ukuze unikeze ukusekelwa kweplathifomu yokubambisana okukude, ukusebenza okunembile, nezinqubo ezizenzakalelayo. Kafushane, ama-microscopes okuhlinzwa anencazelo ephezulu kakhulu azoshintsha abe uhlelo olubanzi losizo lokuhlinzwa oluhlanganisa ukuthuthukiswa kwesithombe, ukuqashelwa okuhlakaniphile, kanye nempendulo esebenzisanayo, esiza ukwakha i-ecosystem yedijithali yokuhlinzwa okuzayo.

Lesi sihloko sinikeza ukubuka konke kwentuthuko kubuchwepheshe obuyinhloko obuvamile bemakroskopu okuhlinzwa anencazelo ephezulu kakhulu, ngokugxila ekusetshenzisweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwezinqubo zokuhlinzwa. Ngokuthuthukiswa kokuxazulula, ama-microscopes anencazelo ephezulu kakhulu adlala indima ebalulekile emikhakheni efana ne-neurosurgery, i-ophthalmology, i-otolaryngology, nokuhlinzwa komgogodla. Ikakhulukazi, ukuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe bokuzulazula ngokunemba kwangaphakathi kokuhlinzwa ekuhlinzeni okuhlasela kancane kukhuphule ukunemba nokuphepha kwalezi zinqubo. Uma ubheka phambili, njengoba ubuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye nobuchwepheshe berobhothi buthuthuka, ama-microscopes anencazelo ephezulu kakhulu azohlinzeka ngosizo lokuhlinzwa olusebenza kahle kakhulu noluhlakaniphe kakhudlwana, luqhubekisele phambili ukuqhubekela phambili kokuhlinzwa okungenakuhlasela kancane kanye nokusebenzisana okukude, ngaleyo ndlela kuqhubekisele phambili ukuphakamisa ukuphepha kokuhlinzwa nokusebenza kahle.